Mumps Class 2
From VistApedia
Using username "worldvistaEHR".
Authenticating with public key "rsa-key-20101206"
Linux cassandra 2.6.26-1-686 #1 SMP Fri Mar 13 18:08:45 UTC 2009 i686
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Thu Jan 6 05:22:01 2011 from 192.168.56.1
worldvistaEHR@cassandra:~$ mumps -dir
GTM>zed "XUS"
GTM>; All storage of variables are in strings
GTM>; Using operators and functions:
GTM>; Language interprets strings as:
GTM>; 1. Number
GTM>; 2. Boolean
GTM>; 3. String
GTM>SET X=3 SET Y=4 SET Z=5
GTM>WRITE X SET A=5
3
GTM>WRITE A
5
GTM>SET X=3 SET Y=4 SET Z=5
GTM>SET X=3,Y=4,Z=5
GTM>; , means repeat command
GTM>IF A,B,C
%GTM-E-UNDEF, Undefined local variable: B
GTM>IF X,Y,Z
GTM>; equivalent to
GTM>IF X IF Y IF Z
GTM>; All of Mumps is command argument command argument, except:
GTM>; FOR, IF, ELSE
GTM>; FOR, IF, ELSE scope is everything following them
GTM>; or a procedure indicated by a DO.
GTM>SET X=3 WRITE Y
4
GTM>SET P=0 IF P WRITE Y
GTM>SET P=1 IF P WRITE Y
4
GTM>; Opposite of IF is ELSE
GTM>SET P=1 IF P WRITE Y
4
GTM>SET P=0 IF P WRITE Y
GTM>ELSE WRITE Z
%GTM-E-SPOREOL, Either a space or an end-of-line was expected but not found
ELSE WRITE Z
^-----
GTM>ELSE WRITE Z
5
GTM>; Every Mumps command requires an argument
GTM>; If command has no argument (e.g. Else) put two spaces
GTM>; For command
GTM>FOR I=1:1:100 WRITE I,! QUIT:I=56
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
GTM>; FOR executes arbitraty mumps commands; and QUIT stops a FOR loop.
GTM>; Mumps Syntax: Command Argument Command Argument etc.
GTM>; Arguments: Can be Literals
GTM>WRITE "HELLO"
HELLO
GTM>; Argument: Can be an expression:
GTM>WRITE 3+5
8
GTM>WRITE (2+3)=5
1
GTM>; = is a comparison Equal; like == in C.
GTM>; Expressions can contain functions.
GTM>; Wait a minute: what are functions??
GTM>; Functions in Mumps are divided into two categories:
GTM>; Intrinsic Functions (part of the Mumps Language)
GTM>; Extrinsic Functions (defined by the Programmer)
GTM>; Example of Intrinsic Functions:
GTM>WRITE $EXTRACT("STRING",1,2)
ST
GTM>WRITE $JUSTIFY("STRING",20)
STRING
GTM>ZED "XLFSTR"
GTM>; Example of Extrinsic Functions
GTM>WRITE $$LO^XLFSTR("STRING")
%GTM-E-LABELMISSING, Label referenced but not defined: LO
GTM>ZED
GTM>WRITE $$LOW^XLFSTR("STRING")
string
GTM>; Instrinsic Functions have only one $
GTM>; Extrinsic Functions have 2 $$
GTM>; Extrnisic Functions are always part of a routine.
GTM>WRITE $EXTRACT("STRING",1,2)
ST
GTM>write $extract("STRING",1,2)
ST
GTM>write $$low^xlfstr("STRING")
%GTM-E-ZLINKFILE, Error while zlinking "xlfstr"
%GTM-E-FILENOTFND, File xlfstr not found
GTM>; Intrinsic commands are not case sensitive
GTM>; Extrinsic, being user defined, are case sensitive.
GTM>; Expressions
GTM>; Mumps syntax, really looks like this:
GTM>; Command expression command expression command expression
GTM>zed
GTM>; Abbreviation of Commands and Instrinsic Functions
GTM>; WRITE = W
GTM>; SET = S
GTM>; $EXTRACT = $E
GTM>WRITE "HELLO"
HELLO
GTM>W "HELLO"
HELLO
GTM>WR "HELLO"
%GTM-E-INVCMD, Invalid command keyword encountered
WR "HELLO"
^-----
GTM>WRITE $EXTRACT("HELLO",1,2)
HE
GTM>WRITE $E("HELLO",1,2)
HE
GTM>W $E("HELLO",1,2)
HE
GTM>; READ = R
GTM>R X
8
GTM>W X
8
GTM>; Mumps does not have reserved words in the language
GTM>; Why?
GTM>; Because it has a set syntax of command expression
GTM>; If something is in the command section, it will be interpreted as a command
GTM>; and vice versa
GTM>SET SET=1
GTM>WRITE SET
1
GTM>; Entering numbers vs entering strings
GTM>SET X=0033
GTM>WRITE X
33
GTM>SET X="0033"
GTM>WRITE X
0033
GTM>SET X=987SSS
%GTM-E-SPOREOL, Either a space or an end-of-line was expected but not found
SET X=987SSS
^-----
GTM>SET X=1/4
GTM>W X
.25
GTM>S Y=0.333
GTM>W Y
.333
GTM>SET Y="0.333"
GTM>WRITE Y
0.333
GTM>; Y is now a string
GTM>; Quick tip: To convert a string to number, use the + sign
GTM>WRITE Y
0.333
GTM>WRITE +Y
.333
GTM>; If you don't use quotes in the expression, mumps will try to interpret your input as either:
GTM>; 1. A number
GTM>; 2. A variable
GTM>; If you use quotes in the expression, mumps will interpret your input as a string.
GTM>; In either case, the end result is stored as a string in Mumps.
GTM>SET Y=0.33
GTM>SET Y=X
GTM>; X is a variable; Y is now equal to X.
GTM>; Mumps Limits
GTM>; 95 Standard:
GTM>; - Strings can be 255 characters long
GTM>; - Numbers up to 15 digits accurate
GTM>; In reality:
GTM>; Cache: Strings 32000 characters long; GT.M: 1 million +
GTM>; GT.M can take numbers more than 15 digits accurate.
GTM>; Introducing... Exponential notation
GTM>S X=3E5
GTM>W X
300000
GTM>S X=3E20
GTM>W X
300000000000000000000
GTM>S X=3E40
GTM>W X
30000000000000000000000000000000000000000
GTM>S X=3E60
%GTM-E-NUMOFLOW, Numeric overflow
S X=3E60
^-----
GTM>S X=3E50
%GTM-E-NUMOFLOW, Numeric overflow
S X=3E50
^-----
GTM>S X=3E45
GTM>S X=3E46
GTM>S X=3E47
%GTM-E-NUMOFLOW, Numeric overflow
S X=3E47
^-----
GTM>; Subscript Length is 255 characters
GTM>S X(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,"SAM","CAT",2)=1
GTM>ZWRITE X
X=30000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
X(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,"SAM","CAT",2)=1
GTM>WRITE $D(X)
11
GTM>WRITE $D(X(2))
0
GTM>WRITE $D(X(1))
10
GTM>WRITE $D(X(1,2))
10
GTM>WRITE $D(X(1,3))
0
GTM>; Combined subscript lenggh is 255 characters.
GTM>; Length of data in each global entry is 255 characters.
GTM>W ^SAM
5
GTM>; Variables
GTM>SET X=234
GTM>; X is a variable
GTM>; In Mumps: Variables can be up to 16 characters long.
GTM>; First letter can be %
GTM>; or [A-Za-z]
GTM>; Rest of characters can be alphabet or numbers
GTM>; What is a vaild variable name???
GTM>S 3SX=1
%GTM-E-VAREXPECTED, Variable expected in this context
S 3SX=1
^-----
GTM>S DSLKJ=1
GTM>S %HEESI=1
GTM>S %3=1
GTM>S X3=1
GTM>S X%3=1
%GTM-E-EQUAL, Equal sign expected but not found
S X%3=1
^-----
GTM>; % must be in the first position
GTM>S YT33WW=1
GTM>; %
GTM>; %1 to %9 can be used by programmers for temporary variables
GTM>; other % variables shouldn't be used unless you are writing utilities for VISTA.
GTM>zed "_DT"
GTM>zed "XUP"
GTM>
